Morse Code Project with Arduino

Arduino Code

//Connect Buzzer to digital pin 2
int morseTone = 2;

// Set duration of dots and dashes
int dotTime = 100;
int dashTime = 300;

//Set delays between letters and words
int letterDelay = 100; 
int wordDelay = 700;


// Define Morse code representations of letters
String letters[] = {
  ".-",   // A
  "-...", // B
  "-.-.", // C
  "-..",  // D
  ".",    // E
  "..-.", // F
  "--.",  // G
  "....", // H
  "..",   // I
  ".---", // J
  "-.-",  // K
  ".-..", // L
  "--",   // M
  "-.",   // N
  "---",  // O
  ".--.", // P
  "--.-", // Q
  ".-.",  // R
  "...",  // S
  "-",    // T
  "..-",  // U
  "...-", // V
  ".--",  // W
  "-..-", // X
  "-.--", // Y
  "--.."  // Z
};

// Define Morse code representations of numbers
String numbers[] = {
  "-----", // 0
  ".----", // 1
  "..---", // 2
  "...--", // 3
  "....-", // 4
  ".....", // 5
  "-....", // 6
  "--...", // 7
  "---..", // 8
  "----."  // 9
};


void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(morseTone, OUTPUT);
}


void loop() {
  String userInput = ""; // Variable to store user input
  Serial.println("Enter a message in plain text:");
  
  // Read user input from serial monitor
  while (Serial.available()) {
    char c = Serial.read();
    userInput += c;
  }

  // Play Morse code signals for each character in the user input
  for (int i = 0; i < userInput.length(); i++) { playMorse(userInput[i]); delay(letterDelay); // Add delay between letters } } void dot(){ digitalWrite(morseTone,HIGH); delay(dotTime); digitalWrite(morseTone,LOW); } void dash(){ digitalWrite(morseTone,HIGH); delay(dashTime); digitalWrite(morseTone,LOW); } // Function to play Morse code for a given character void playMorse(char c) { if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') { // Play Morse code for uppercase letters int index = c - 'A'; String morse = letters[index]; playMorseCode(morse); } else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') { // Play Morse code for lowercase letters (convert to uppercase) int index = c - 'a'; String morse = letters[index]; playMorseCode(morse); } else if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
    // Play Morse code for numbers
    int index = c - '0';
    String morse = numbers[index];
    playMorseCode(morse);
  } else {
    // Check for special characters
    playSpecial(c);
  }
}

void playMorseCode(String morse) {
  for (int i = 0; i < morse.length(); i++) {
    if (morse.charAt(i) == '.') {
      dot();
    } else if (morse.charAt(i) == '-') {
      dash();
    }
    // Add appropriate delay between dots and dashes
    delay(dotTime); 
  }
}

// Function to play Morse code for special characters
void playSpecial(char c) {
  switch(c) {
    case '.':
      playMorseCode(".-.-.-");
      break;
    case ',':
      playMorseCode("--..--");
      break;
    case '?':
      playMorseCode("..--..");
      break;
    case '\'':
      playMorseCode(".----.");
      break;
    case '!':
      playMorseCode("-.-.--");
      break;
    case ':':
      playMorseCode("---...");
      break;
    case ';':
      playMorseCode("-.-.-.");
      break;
    case '-':
      playMorseCode("-....-");
      break;
    case '/':
      playMorseCode("-..-.");
      break;
    case '(':
      playMorseCode("-.--.-");
      break;
    case ')':
      playMorseCode("-.--.-");
      break;
     //////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Add additional cases for more special characters as needed
    default:
      // Handle unsupported special characters
      break;
  }
}

Breaking Down the Code

• Variable Declarations:

  • morseTone: Defines the digital pin to which the buzzer is connected.
  • dotTime, dashTime: Define the duration (in milliseconds) for a dot and a dash, respectively.
  • letterDelay, wordDelay: Define the delays (in milliseconds) between letters and words, respectively.
  • letters[], numbers[]: Define arrays containing the Morse code representations of letters and numbers, respectively.

• Setup Function (setup()):

  • Initializes serial communication with a baud rate of 9600.
  • Sets the morseTone pin as an output pin.

• Loop Function (loop()):

  • Initializes an empty string userInput to store the user’s input message.
  • Prints “Enter a message in plain text:” to the serial monitor.
  • Reads user input from the serial monitor until input is available.
  • Iterates through each character in the userInput string and calls the playMorse() function to convert it to Morse code.

• Dot and Dash Functions (dot() and dash()):

  • Sets the morseTone pin HIGH to produce a sound (dot or dash) for the specified duration.
  • Delays for the duration of the dot or dash.
  • Sets the morseTone pin LOW to stop the sound.

• Play Morse Function (playMorse()):

  • Takes a character c as input and determines whether it is a letter, number, or special character.
  • Calls the appropriate function (playMorseCode() or playSpecial()) to convert the character to Morse code.

• Play Morse Code Function (playMorseCode()):

  • Takes a Morse code string morse as input and iterates through each character.
  • Calls the dot() or dash() function based on the current character in the Morse code string.
  • Delays for the duration of a dot between each dot or dash.

• Play Special Function (playSpecial()):

  • Takes a special character c as input and maps it to its corresponding Morse code representation.
  • Calls the playMorseCode() function to play the Morse code for the special character.